whether the commute has a positive effect on worker’s absenteeism. Our estimates for Germany indicate that commuting distance …

Denmark and show that gender differences regarding commuting play an important role in explaining this. We offer 3 pieces of … evidence. First, the gender pay and commuting gaps come into existence at the same moment: when the first child is born. Second …, wage compensation for commuting is lower for women after the birth compared to men: about 3 − 4 percentage points of the …