State space models with nonstationary processes and fixed regression effects require a state vector with diffuse initial conditions. Different likelihood functions can be adopted for the estimation of parameters in time series models with diffuse initial conditions. In this paper we consider...

This study reflects on the inconsistency of the fixed-design residual bootstrap procedure for GARCH models under dependent innovations. We introduce a novel recursive-design residual block bootstrap procedure to accurately quantify the uncertainty around parameter estimates and volatility...