the risk-adjusted interest rate. Adding damages leads to a higher carbon price that grows more slowly. But as temperature …

perturbation theory to derive an approximate tractable expression for this cost adjusted for climatic and economic risk. We allow … for different aversion to risk and intertemporal fluctuations, skewness and dynamics in the risk distributions of climate …

CO2 prices must rise at a rate equal to the risk-adjusted interest rate, typically higher than the economic growth rate …. Summing up, CO2 prices must rise at a rate at least equal to the economic growth rate and at most to the risk …