We consider repeated trust game experiments to study the interplay between explicit and relational incentives. After … these two variants to play. Theory predicts that subjects will choose the payoff dominated game (representing a bad explicit … contract), because this game better sustains (implicit) relational incentives backed by either reputational or reciprocity …

The provision of non-pecuniary incentives in education is a topic that has received much scholarly attention lately …. Our paper contributes to this discussion by investigating the effectiveness of grade incentives in increasing student … that relative grading, by creating a rank-order tournament in the classroom, provides stronger incentives for male students …

than in the stable environment. This finding is in line with standard agency theory and contrasts a distinct element of … expectancy theory; noisier performance measures do not lower work motivation. …

seller has private information about his alternative trading opportunities. Theory predicts that, compared with a situation …

noise in the performance measure. In contrast, expectancy theory as developed by psychologists predicts lower effort levels …