disparities - which hitherto has received limited attention - is the risk people face about their future health. This paper … integrates risk into the standard inequality measurement which measures the extent to which disparities in realized health are … account for risk averse preferences in the assessment of income-related health inequalities. The empirical application using …

This paper presents a new axiomatic characterization of risk measures that are additive for independent random … variables. In contrast to previous work, we include an axiom that guarantees monotonicity of the risk measure. Furthermore, the …. The risk measure characterized can be regarded as a mixed exponential premium. …

The computation of various risk metrics is essential to the quantitative risk management of variable annuity guaranteed … produce closed-form approximation of the risk measures for variable annuity guaranteed benefits. The techniques are further … developed in this paper to address in a systematic way risk measures for death benefits with the consideration of dynamic …