Reimbursement of commuting costs by employers has attracted little attention from economists. We develop a theoretical … alternative explanation that stresses the role of tax incentives is unlikely to provide a full explanation of the commuting costs …

This paper explores the feasibility to extend the Standard Cost Model (SCM) for calculating the costs of government … regulation by taking all transaction costs into account which stem from the principal/agent relationship between regulatory … authorities and economic entities. From that perspective these transaction costs do not only relate to the bonding costs of the …

implies that transaction costs as part of total costs of ownership carry a large weight in procurement decisions. An analysis … of the various types of transaction costs is also essential in the “make or buy” and location decisions in global … sourcing. A distinction can be made between “hard” and “soft” transaction costs. Soft transaction costs are difficult to …