Some 2000 years ago, the average annual distance a person would normally travel, was approximately 500 km. The action radius of most people remained rather stable, but it rose gradually after the industrial revolution to some 1820 km (by car, bus, railway or aircraft) in the year 1960. Then, a...

This paper analyzes the interstate distribution of awards made through the SmallBusiness Innovation Research (SBIR) Program operated by the U.S federalgovernment. The main finding is that awards tend to be made to firms in centersof innovative activity, where knowledge is most easily created and...

We analyse the economic impacts of place-based policies that aim to enhance economic development by stimulating growth and productivity of firms in designated areas. We use unique panel data from China with information on manufacturing firms’ production factors, productivity and location, and...