strike induces car speed to decrease only marginally on the highway ring road (by 3 percent) but substantially on inner city … roads (by 10 percent). During rush hour, the strike effect is much more pronounced. The congestion relief benefit is …

examines the institutional differences underlying these differences in strike activity. Our empirical analysis shows that … strike activity is high in France if workers were successful in obtaining relatively high wage increases in collective labour … agreements in the previous year, whereas strike activity is high in the Netherlands if, in the preceding year, real wage …

utilities corresponding tomilitant union behaviour are independent of the contract length. The wagedynamics are linear if strike …. The one under strike is not credible exceeds the one under strikeis credible. A wage decrease can occur if strike is … credible, but neverwhen strike is not credible. In the limit as time between bargaining roundsvanishes only the first paradox …