This paper discusses the design, implementation and use of standards from the perspective of transaction costs … economics. A proper design and implementation of standards may lead to a considerable reduction of transaction costs, which … enhances trade and, consequently, economic welfare. A major example is the use of containers, which has drastically changed the …

tariffs, development level, and observed household inequality. Working with a new dataset, we then examine crosscountry … of trade. Regression results suggest that import protection makes income distribution worse for countries in labor …

This paper examines international trade in tainted food and other low-quality products. Wefirst find that for a large … class of environments, free trade is the trading system that conveysthe highest incentives to produce non-tainted high …-quality goods by foreign exporters.However, free trade cannot prevent the export of tainted products, and the condition fortainting …

We analyze general equilibrium relationships between trade policy and the household distribution of income, decomposing … yields predictions regarding the linkages between trade protection, country characteristics and inequality in Heckscher …