Under closed-list proportional representation, a partyís electoral list determines the order in which legislative seats are allocated to candidates. When candidates di§er in their ability, parties face a trade-o§ between competence and incentives. Ranking candidates in decreasing order of...

Politicians respond to incentives when they decide how to allocate their campaigning time and effort. The literature suggests electoral rules impact politicians' incentives. We argue that the candidate selection process is an equally important source of incentives. We develop a two-stage model...