find export status to be positively correlated with both product market power (markups) and market power consolidated on …

To serve foreign markets, firms can either export or set up a local subsidiary through horizontal Foreign Direct … Investment (FDI). The conventional proximity-concentration theory suggests that FDI substitutes for trade if distance between … countries is large, while exports become more important if scale economies in production are large. This paper investigates …

services as inputs in manufacturing, with a particular focus on indirect exports of services through merchandise exports, and … also on the related interaction between service sector openness and the overall pattern of manufacturing exports. From the …

Traditional heterogeneous firms and trade models predict no causal relationship between firms' exports and domestic …-product sales in different markets for the first time in the literature to identify the channels that link exports and domestic … sales. First, I use an instrumental variables strategy and establish that an exogenous doubling of exports increases a firm …

is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for business enterprises and higher education, exports and technology. If the …

all variables proposed by theory, despite a broad set of fixed effects (FE). We find that both REERs are important and … multilateral resistances. Untangling normalization helps to get a better view of what is still unexplained by theory. …