During the Global Financial Crisis, regulators imposed short-selling bans to protect financial institutions. The rationale behind the bans was that "bear raids", driven by short-sellers, would increase the individual and systemic risk of financial institutions, especially for institutions with...

In practice, multivariate dependencies of extreme risks are often only assessed in a pairwise way. We propose a novel test to detect when bivariate simplifications produce misleading results. This occurs when a significant portion of the multivariate dependence structure in the tails is of...

In certain cases the distribution of the normalized maximumof a sample can be better approximated by a sequence ofdifferent extreme value distributions than by the final one. Weshow that these cases are rather restricted and that the possibleimprovement is not spectacular.