time or service quality is socially optimal. We find that this result does not hold if capacity and toll setting take place … in separate stages, as then firms want to limit the toll competition by setting lower capacities; or when firms set … higher capacities. In our Stackelberg competition, the firms that act last have few if any capacity decisions to influence …

admissions to Dutch hospitals, we find no evidence that increased exposure to price competition reduces quality measured by …One of the reasons why regulators are hesitant about permitting price competition in healthcare markets is that it may … damage quality when information is poor. Evidence on whether this fear is well-founded is scarce. We provide evidence using a …

Ample evidence is available for the effect of competition on educational quality as only a few countries allow large … scale competition. In the Netherlands free parental choice is present since the beginning of the 20th century, which can be … between competition and educational outcomes in secondary education, but that it is negative and small. This effect is larger …