to cruise for parking. This translates into an external cruising cost that far exceeds the external traffic congestion …

The literature suggests that competition among schools might increase quality. However, not much empirical evidence is … present as only a few countries allow competition at a large scale. One exception is the Netherlands. Free parental choice is … Netherlands we show that there is a relation between competition and student achievement in upper secondary education, but that it …

We study the effects of competition in a context in which people's actions can not be contractually fixed. We find that … in such an environment the very presence of competition does neither increase efficiency nor does it yield any payoff … gains for the short side of the market. We also find that competition has a strong negative impact on social well-being, the …

of winning and losing in a competition on the willingness to seek further challenges. Participants in a lab experiment … compete in two-person tournaments and are then informed of their score and the outcome of the competition. Conditional on the …

Competition involves two dimensions, rivalry for resources and social-status ranking. In our experiment we exclude the …

One of the reasons why regulators are hesitant about permitting price competition in healthcare markets is that it may … admissions to Dutch hospitals, we find no evidence that increased exposure to price competition reduces quality measured by …