To serve foreign markets, firms can either export or set up a local subsidiary through horizontal Foreign Direct … countries is large, while exports become more important if scale economies in production are large. This paper investigates … empirically the effect of different dimensions of distance on the choice between exports and FDI. We find that different …

is necessary to increase expenditure on R&D for business enterprises and higher education, exports and technology. If the …

Traditional heterogeneous firms and trade models predict no causal relationship between firms' exports and domestic …-product sales in different markets for the first time in the literature to identify the channels that link exports and domestic … sales. First, I use an instrumental variables strategy and establish that an exogenous doubling of exports increases a firm …

-effect directly from data that include EMU observations. Using a dynamic panel model for annual bilateral exports, we find that the …

disaggregated dataset on Turkish firms' exports and imports for the 2003-08 period, and investigate the effect and the channels that … import experience might have on export entry. By identifying import experience using instrumental variables, and shutting …Previous firm-level literature established that there are substantial costs of entry into new export markets. Chaney …

competing imports occurred near the ports where they arrived. Once accounting for domestic transport costs, import competition … imports within the US remained sizable. We argue that domestic transport costs shield local labor markets from globalization …. Using a shift-share design for industry-level Chinese imports across 42 ports of entry, we show that US job losses from …