the insurance sector. The downside risk of insurers is explicitly modelled by common and idiosyncratic risk factors. Since … reinsurance is important for the capacity of insurers, we measure risk dependence among European insurers and reinsurers. The … results point to a relatively low insurance sector wide risk. Dependence among insurers is higher than among reinsurers. …

asymmetric information the banks face the risk of adverse selection. Credit Value-at-Risk (CVaR) regulation counters the problem … of low quality, i.e. high risk, loans and therefore reduces the risk of the bank loan portfolio. However, CVaR regulation …