The purpose of the paper is to examine latent volatility Granger causality for four renewable energy Exchange Traded … energy and crude oil ETFs are from 18 June 2008 to 20 March 2017. From the underlying stochastic process of a vector random … renewable energy ETFs, but not with crude oil ETFs. …

Globally, governments increasingly rely on auctions to advance renewable energy. This paper studies the design of wind … renewable-energy production. While the theoretical analysis suggests that the price guarantee has no effect, our laboratory …, thus compromising auction efficiency. The subsidy is less effective than suggested by theory. Bidders with a higher …

We argue that expectations about future energy use affect the transition from fossil fuels to renewable substitutes …