significantly decreased cartel activity. The design of these repeated game experiments however is such that engaging in illegal …

screen with a software. The test is hard to beat for cartels using this otherwise elusive form of price-fixing. When a cartel …

collusion. It allows an upstream cartel to shield itself from private damage claims by forwarding a share of cartel profits to … private damages. The cartel can achieve this by rationing inputs at low prices. Several U.S. antitrust cases show symptoms of …

cartel formation, cartel stability and cartel recidivism. The program leads to lower prices for three reasons. First, non …-cooperators are more persistent in their behavior which effectively blocks cartel formation in their respective groups. Second …, members of groups that do form a cartel defect more often thus reducing the average cartel lifetime. Third, the difference …