of winning and losing in a competition on the willingness to seek further challenges. Participants in a lab experiment … compete in two-person tournaments and are then informed of their score and the outcome of the competition. Conditional on the …

through self-assessment) to taking part in a mandatory competition predict individual willingness to participate in a … voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference … correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the …

-rate remuneration and a winner-takes-all competition. At the end of each round, those who compete get feedback on the competition …

than the outcome of competition. The fact that women are more likely to give up competing after a setback may help to …

adaptation levels relate to less positive emotions and less optimistic expectations about future price changes. The actual …. The adaptation level, by contrast, affects the actual investment decision indirectly via its impact on expectations. …