We consider the development of German federal research and technology (R&T) policies since the 1960s and sketch the evolution of today's highly differentiated and complex set of policy instruments. Advances from economic theory and empirical results are reflected in this evolution, but have not...

Advocates of apprenticeship programs often argue as if it is simply a matter of historical accident which has hindered such investment by U.S. firms. This paper explores the structure of incentives undergirding the German system of apprenticeship training. First, we describe three...