Individual time preference determines schooling enrolment. Moreover, smoking behavior in early ages has been shown to … be highly related to time preference rates. Accordingly, we use smoking at age 16 as an instrument for schooling in order …

all Dutch inhabitants over age 64; and an occupation-specific capital-funded part that provides supplementary retirement …

employed. Observed covariates including wages and retirement benefits help to explain these patterns, but unobserved …

In this paper we analyse early retirement pathways for Norwegian male and female workers. We apply a multinomial logit … and local unemployment, are important for the early retirement process. Our findings also indicate that there are several … females. We therefore reject the hypothesis that disability and unemployment are exchangeable pathways into early retirement. …

retirement of faculty at age 70 until 1994. We compare faculty turnover rates at a large sample of institutions before and after … retirement. Retirement rates at institutions that enforced mandatory retirement exhibited sharp spikesʺ at ages 70 and 71. About … retirement the retirement rates of 70 and 71-year-olds fell to levels comparable to 69- year-olds, and over one-half of 70-year …

Feldstein [1985] posed the questions of what would be the optimal level of retirement benefit, and what would be the …

, necessary beyond 2025. As the enacted savings rate target is conservative, individual pensions keep retirement income sufficient …