pollution haven hypothesis whereby offshoring is central to the mechanism - US manufacturers begin to source from abroad and …

-intensive processes. This could lead to carbon leakage. I provide empirical evidence whether energy price-induced offshoring occurs using …

In this paper we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment and … displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements … of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (vs. final goods for consumption); that it involves …

The offshoring of production by multinational firms has expanded dramatically in recent decades, increasing these firms … probability. We also show that a firm's probability of offshoring increases with the share of its employees who are immigrants …

While there is a consensus in the literature that offshoring has a polarising effect on the skill structure of labour … demand, little is known about its impact on the capital side. In this paper, we analyse the effect of offshoring on the …, we document that offshoring reduces the relative demand for non-ICT capital, thereby also polarising the demand for …

factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density … workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and … the unionization decisions of individual workers. The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization …