Carranza Noguera, Eliana; Donald, Aletheia; Grosset, Florian - 2022
transfers do not decline, indicating no loss in redistribution. Our estimates imply a 9-14% social tax rate. The welfare … benefits of informal redistribution may come at a cost, depressing labor supply and productivity. … frequent. Such arrangements may distort labor supply - acting as a "social tax" that dampens the incentive to work. We document …