indicate that employment and energy use are strongly linked in Africa. Unidirectional causality from employment to energy use … estimates did not indicate any causality in Big African players like South Africa, Nigeria, Morocco, Ghana and Senegal. …

strongly linked in Africa. Unilateral causality is found from energy consumption to life expectancy and child under-5 mortality … for Senegal, Morocco, Benin, DRC, Algeria, Egypt, and South Africa. At the same time, we found a bilateral causality …

Agreements (FTAs) on trade flows. In this paper we focus on FTAs (also called European agreements) between the European Union (EU … with the EU was signed exceeded trade growth of the control group of countries which did not become members …

study the economic effects of introducing two elements of a fiscal union: Firstly, an EU-wide tax and transfer system and … secondly, an EU-wide system of fiscal equalisation. Using the European tax-benefit calculator EUROMOD, we exploit … countries. These effects depend on income levels and the structures of the existing national tax and transfer systems. The EU …

-Saxon countries. For Eastern Europe, our results are less definite. Looking at the impact of the tax and benefit schemes in the EU, it …

study the economic effects of introducing two elements of a fiscal union: Firstly, an EU-wide tax and transfer system and … secondly, an EU-wide system of fiscal equalisation. Using the European tax-benefit calculator EUROMOD, we exploit … countries. These effects depend on income levels and the structures of the existing national tax and transfer systems. The EU …

margins for 17 EU countries and the US. Using the same data, inequality aversion is measured as the degree of redistribution …