earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly …The incidence of working for earnings beyond the normal pension age of 55 for females and 60 for males in urban China …, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy …

conditions on retirement, it induces a pure income effect on employment. Using data from the China Health and Retirement …Transitioning into retirement is an under-researched phenomenon in developing countries. Largely, this is linked to a … 2008, China introduced the New Rural Social Pension (NRSP), a program which by now covers the majority of the Chinese rural …

driven exits to retirement, in particular the early exits. …

It is a challenge for politics that an aging population leads to demands that the retirement age is increasing while … the labour market. However, the regulations have become more restrictive in the last decade and early retirement usually … leads to a lower pension. In this article, we map options for early retirement in other countries. We have found five main …

structure, and retirement. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity on labor market effects and life decisions in response …

as a part of this study, the paper examines labor market consequences of this process, focusing on retirement pathways … old age: (i) previous employment is the most important predictor of the retirement pathway; (ii) older workers fall into … they are forced to do so by mandatory retirement regulations, and casual workers and the self-employed, who are forced to …

Pension reforms that raise minimum retirement age increase the pool of senior individuals aged 50+ who are not eligible … estimate the effects of local changes in the supply of workers aged between 50 and minimum retirement age on youth, prime age …

We evaluate the labor market and distributional effects of an increase in the early retirement age (ERA) from 60 to 63 …