partial insurance of parental investments against permanent income shocks, but the magnitude of the estimated responses is … small. We cannot reject the hypothesis full insurance against temporary shocks. Another interpretation of our findings is … that there is very little insurance available, but the fact that skill is a non-separable function of parental investments …

) severance insurance plans or (ii) severance savings plans is important; savings plans have no "firing cost" effects on employer … layoff decisions. The firing cost implications of insurance plan are sensitive to the types of job separations that qualify a …

due to the limited pledgeability of human capital. We show analytically that, consistent with the life insurance data, in … account for the life-cycle variation of life-insurance holdings, financial wealth, earnings, and consumption inequality … insurance. …

create a social insurance system, to protect working people against basic risks. Finally, workers' and entrepreneurs … anachronistic and obsolete. -- Economic history ; standard employment ; Germany …