This paper explores the employment impact of innovation activity, taking into account both R&D expenditures and …-2010. The main outcome from the proposed fixed effect estimations is a labor-friendly nature of total innovation expenditures … ETC is included as a proxy for innovation activities. Moreover, the positive employment impacts of innovation activities …

In this work, we test the employment impact of distinct types of innovative investments using a representative sample … statistically significant evidence of the expected labor-friendly nature of innovation. More in detail, neither R&D nor investment … significant employment effect. However, the job-creation impact of R&D expenditures becomes highly significant when the focus is …

employment effect appears limited in magnitude and entirely due to the medium-and high-tech sectors, while no effect can be …