In this paper we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment and … displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements … of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (vs. final goods for consumption); that it involves …

We use Danish firm-level data to examine the causal link between carbon emissions, offshoring, and import competition …. Offshoring reduces firms' emission intensity but increases their production. Import competition reduces firms' production without … affecting their emission intensity. For Denmark, these effects imply that observed offshoring trends reduced the overall …

factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density … workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and … the unionization decisions of individual workers. The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization …