power to predict (1) timely graduation (four years or less), (2) graduation in six years or less, and (3) final GPA. The … Agreeableness has a robust negative effect on both graduation outcomes, but not on GPA. Economic time preferences predict graduation … in four years, and GPA. Cognitive skill measures predict as expected if entered individually in a multivariate model, but …

While comparing students across large differences in GPA follows one's intuition that higher GPAs correlate positively … then has us jeopardize local comparability as GPA better delineates students of different ability. Given these two … characteristics in decoding GPA, we discuss the advantages of machine-learning approaches to identifying treatment in educational …