We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

multinationals, are less likely to rely on imported or internally provided services. -- International trade ; services ; off-shoring …

and non-routine content. -- Tasks ; offshoring ; outsourcing ; skills ; wages …The paper investigates the relationship between offshoring, wages, and the ease with which individuals' tasks can be … suitability of a task for offshoring and the associated skill level. Accordingly, wage effects of offshoring can be very …

Offshoring is generally believed to be productivity-enhancing and this belief is underpinned by economic theory. This … article contributes to the growing literature that tests empirically whether offshoring does indeed help to improve … productivity. Estimating the impact of materials and business services offshoring on productivity growth with industry-level data …