employment and unemployment. However, it can be seriously misleading to ignore the interrelated behavior of hours worked … unemployment outcomes. The hours–employment distinction is especially important in the evaluation of the performances of European ….Work hours can be altered relatively speedily and flexibly, and this strongly relates to employment, labor productivity, and …

The responses of working hours and employment levels to temporary negative demand shocks like those caused by the Great …' desired rises in working hours in times of recession also serve to modify the standard measure of unemployment. During Covid … useful comparison with the provision of improved unemployment insurance to unemployed workers at that time. …

outcomes tend to be more favourable to unions when the national unemployment rate is lower. -- Strikes ; cyclicality ; duration …