Regulation of economic activity is ubiquitous around the world, yet standard theories predict it should be rather … uncommon. I argue that the ubiquity of regulation is explained not so much by the failure of markets, or by asymmetric … accounts for the ubiquity of regulation, for its growth over time, as well as for the fact that contracts themselves are …

simple regulation -- a liquidity requirement -- that corrects such an externality by affecting the interest rate on the … with the existing literature, the necessity of regulation does not depend on exogenous incompleteness of markets for …

regulation. Guided by restrictive legislative mandates, regulatory policies often strike a quite different balance with an … policy efforts. Inadequate regulatory enforcement and behavioral responses to regulation may limit their effectiveness, while …

. The third studies the role of quality regulation and shows that systems competition may be a competition of laxity …

. In this paper, we review the evolution of business regulation in Hong Kong, analyze the salient features of its scheme of … control regulation and evaluate the impact of transition from regulation to competition. To provide a sharp contrast between … the difficulties of the traditional approach to regulation and the benefits of introducing competition, we focus on the …

standards-based regulation because of common perceptions that they burden the poor relative to the rich. However, the literature …

, decrease with anti-competitive regulation in upstream sectors and increase with the industry specific output gap; ii) decrease … with the national output gap, increase with the national employment rate and decrease with employment protection regulation …