households reduce their financial risk exposure when confronted with background risk. Our novel modelling approach - termed a … risk, and is unique in recovering for, any given risky asset class, the shares that are reallocated to a safer asset … category. Background risk exerts a significant impact on household portfolios, resulting in a 'flight from risk', away from …

take risk as measured by the general risk question. We demonstrate that this disposition, which we call risk conception, is … strongly associated with optimism, a stable facet of personality and that it predicts real-life risk taking. The general risk … question captures this disposition alongside pure risk preference. This enlightens why the general risk question is a better …

We present first evidence how individual risk preferences shape entrepreneurial investment among the very wealthy using … standard measure of risk tolerance. We find that wealthy individuals are more likely to be entrepreneurs and invest a larger … ways strongly determined by individual risk tolerance. Since the wealthy dominate aggregate risky investment, their risk …