numerous attempts at developing a common European asylum policy, EU countries continue to differ widely in interpretation and … movements, illegal border crossings, and asylum applications to EU member states. We next turn to the economics of refugee …, we illustrate the economic integration of past refugee migrants to EU countries and conclude with several policy …

several EU countries and over time. In the first part, we document that labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently …

after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimate that, within industries and occupations, Extra-EU migrants and … exposed men. According to our estimates, more than 9 million immigrants in the EU14+UK area are exposed to a high risk of …

experience of migrant key workers in EU countries. Our analysis, based on survey data on more than 3 million workers, explores … workers, the relationship with education is V-shaped, and EU and Extra EU migrants are, respectively, 12 and 15 percent more …