Economic studies on the degree of competition (DC) in banking systems use various measures which are subsumed under the … measures. Thus, the economic validity of derived conclusions regarding the competition intensity is chal-lenged. …

of enforcement activity by European competition authorities in labor markets relative to the US. While enforcement action … competition enforcement in labor markets. The article identifies sectors and practices that may be scrutinized with priority by … European competition authorities and proposes a mix of enforcement, merger control and well-targeted policy and regulatory …

We validate experimentally a new survey item to measure the preference for competition. The item, which measures … participants' agreement with the statement "Competition brings the best out of me", predicts individuals' willingness to compete in … predicted differences in their preference for competition: professional athletes and non-athletes. As predicted, we find that …

men without the element of direct competition, which allows for the identification of psychological effects of competition …

changes in competition in the United States. The sector offers workplace employee representation through trade union branches … Productivity (TFP) than incumbents. Increased competition from new entrants leads incumbents to reduce the price of union …. Those with higher TFP have higher survival probabilities. However, increased competition does not induce incumbents to raise …

Competition in the labor market theoretically leads to higher wages, yet empirical evidence to substantiate it …, particularly in developing countries, has been sparse. Our study delves into the impact of increased competition in the labor …-owned enterprises gained the most from this upswing in competition, primarily due to restructuring. Furthermore, we demonstrate that …

wages; the most widely accepted theoretical explanations interpret the unemployment rate as a measure of job competition …. This paper proposes new ways of measuring job competition, alternative to the unemployment rate, and finds that the … negative relationship still holds when job competition is measured following the job search literature. While for men the wage …