Economic studies on the degree of competition (DC) in banking systems use various measures which are subsumed under the … measures. Thus, the economic validity of derived conclusions regarding the competition intensity is chal-lenged. …

men without the element of direct competition, which allows for the identification of psychological effects of competition …

changes in competition in the United States. The sector offers workplace employee representation through trade union branches … Productivity (TFP) than incumbents. Increased competition from new entrants leads incumbents to reduce the price of union …. Those with higher TFP have higher survival probabilities. However, increased competition does not induce incumbents to raise …

Competition in the labor market theoretically leads to higher wages, yet empirical evidence to substantiate it …, particularly in developing countries, has been sparse. Our study delves into the impact of increased competition in the labor …-owned enterprises gained the most from this upswing in competition, primarily due to restructuring. Furthermore, we demonstrate that …