Gender differences in paid performance under competition have been found in many laboratory-based experiments, and it … the subject competes with three other individuals and the winner takes all; (ii) an anonymized competition in which an … individual competes against an imposed production target and is paid only if s/he exceeds it; (iii) a 'personified' competition …

competition. Our subjects (students just under 15 years of age) attend publicly-funded single-sex and coeducational schools. We …

increasingly hindered by psychological stress and risk aversion as competition is higher. Finally, we use panel data to estimate …

product market competition. We ask whether there is a case for under-provision of training in Europe and examine alternative …