manufacturing. Earnings losses are larger for individuals with low initial wages, low initial tenure, and low attachment to the …

After a decade in which wages and employment fell precipitously in low-skill occupations and expanded in high … accounted for by a single proximate cause - rising employment and wages in low-education, in-person service occupations. We … automation. We find that in labor markets that were initially specialized in routine-intensive occupations, employment and wages …