female labor supply and fertility. However, particularly in the last decade or so, the relationship across countries has been … positive: for example countries like Germany, Italy and Spain with the lowest fertility rates also have the lowest female … female labor supply and higher fertility. These results are strengthened when we take account of the heterogeneity among …

fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means …-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the …

low income families. Our results imply that the main impact of cuts to child benefits is not to reduce fertility but to … fertility of third and subsequent births. As of April 2017, all third and subsequent born children to low-income families in the … UK did not receive means-tested child benefits, amounting to a reduction in income relative to the previous system of …

children's fertility. We use representative panel data from Germany to link observations on parents and adult children. We … retirement affects only the timing of adult children's fertility, without having an effect on total fertility. …

The total fertility rate is well below its replacement level of 2.1 children in high-income countries. Why do women … choose such low fertility levels? We study how labor market frictions affect the fertility of college-educated women. We …-shift schedules increase the completed fertility of college-educated from 1.52 to 1.88. These reforms enable women to have more …

This paper presents new evidence on the causal relationship between fertility and female labor supply. We particularly … focus on how informal employment affects post-fertility labor supply behavior of mothers. We employ an instrumental variable …. We find that fertility causally affects female labor supply. After the first twin birth, female labor supply declines …