fertility from a low level and reduce child poverty. The benefit is universal for the second and every further child and means …-tested for the first child. Increasing out-of-work income significantly, the transfer can reduce incentives to participate in the …

remain robust when we use the Chinese 1990 population census. We suggest that the negative effects of fertility on parental …This paper tests the effects of fertility on household structure and parental labor supply in rural China. To solve the … ordinary least squares estimates show a negative correlation between fertility and parental labor supply. Using twinning as a …

fertility and maternal labor supply. Identification is achieved by exploiting variation in the supply-side's incentives to …The incidence of Cesarean deliveries (CDs) has been on the rise. The procedure's cost and benefits are discussed … estimates show that a non-planned CD at parity one decreases life cycle fertility by almost 17 percent. This reduction in …

This paper explores how inflows of low-skilled immigrants impact the tradeoffs women face when making joint fertility … and labor supply decisions. I find increases in fertility and decreases in labor force participation rates among high …

potentially more convenient childcare options with increased fertility. An analysis of U.S. Census data between 1980 and 2000 … among women who are most likely to consider childcare costs when making fertility decisions - namely, married women with a … the types of women who have stronger fertility relative to labor supply responses to immigrant-induced changes in …

by two key features of leave policies: flexibility in leave duration and financial incentives. To disentangle their … impact, we exploit recent changes to the Austrian parental leave system, which initially offered flat monthly benefits for 36 …-dependent benefits, increasing net income replacement rates to 80 percent. Using a regression discontinuity design based on eligibility …

This paper introduces a new IV strategy based on IVF induced fertility variation in childless families to estimate the … IV estimates indicate that fertility effects are: (a) negative, large and long lasting; (b) much stronger at the …