possibility that freer trade also alters the firm-size distribution via international firm migration (offshoring); firms must, by … assumption, produce in their 'birth nation.' We show that when firms are allowed to switch locations, new productivity effects …

A simple model of offshoring, which depicts offshoring as 'shadow migration,' permits straightforward derivation of … necessary and sufficient conditions for the effects on wages, prices, production and trade. We show that offshoring requires … modification of the four classic international trade theorems, so econometricians who ignore offshoring might reject the Heckscher …

- spaghetti bowls as building blocs - whereby offshoring creates a force that encourages the multilateralisation of regionalism …