We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

outsourcing and the lowest in foreign vertical integration. We find that robot adopters fragment their production further by … probability of adoption intensifies the effects on outsourcing and weakens the effects on vertical integration. In contrast to …

explanation is at odds with the sequence of observed facts. We propose and model an alternative scenario in which offshoring …

offshoring on the labor market can substantially deviate from standard neoclassical conclusions when search frictions hinder … exploiting offshoring. It implies that automation (offshoring) may reduce (raise) employment by lengthening (shortening …

We discuss the effects of low-skill offshoring on the endogenous schooling decision of workers along with the potential …-deteriorating effects of offshoring. As a result, we aim at restoring welfare by increasing the opportunity cost of staying low-skill. In … offshoring that befall those in the lowest end of the skill ladder. …

We discuss the effects of offshoring on the labor market in a matching model with endogenous adjustment of educational … skills. We carry out a comparative statics analysis and show that offshoring leads to a restructuring of the economy through … skill-biased technical change (SBTC) where overall welfare is improved. In a policy exercise we show that, if offshoring …

We present a global production sharing model that integrates the organizational choices of offshoring into the … determination of relative wages in developing countries. The model shows that offshoring through foreign direct investment … contributes more prominently than arm's length outsourcing to the demand for skill in the South, thereby increasing the relative …

factor. Offshoring jobs abroad may change the composition of domestic firms and employment and thus reduce union density … workers and firms in Denmark (1999-2017), which allows us to measure the exogenous threat of offshoring at the firm-level and … the unionization decisions of individual workers. The findings show that the threat of offshoring reduces unionization …

evidence that suggests that the increase in non-routine cognitive workplaces is linked to the growth in outsourcing of …