When do opposition groups decide to mount a terrorism campaign and when do they enter an open civil conflict against … the ruling government? This paper models an opposition group's choice between peace, terrorism, and open conflict …. Terrorism emerges if executive constraints are intermediate and rents are sizeable. Open conflict is predicted to emerge under …

We decompose the relationship between food aid and conflict into the channels through which food aid can affect … conflict. We address questions of methodological choice and estimation techniques for empirical studies. Our review of the … empirical evidence on the effect of food aid on conflict shows that none of the previous studies proposes a compelling …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements. -- ethnic fragmentation … ; conflict ; displaced persons ; human trafficking …

armed conflict in 2021. The international development community has identified armed conflict as an impediment to …, homicide, and assault, are vastly more prevalent and far more widely distributed across countries than armed conflict. For some …

How does conflict, displacement, and return shape trust, reconciliation, and community engagement? And what is the … legacies of armed conflict and the differences between those who stayed in their communities of origin during the conflict …

We examine whether frontier rule, which disallows frontier residents from a recourse to formal institutions of conflict …km-by10km grid cell-level data on conflict in a spatial regression discontinuity design framework, we show that areas … conflict management, led to a sharp surge in attacks against state targets in frontier areas. We show that the surge in …