, weaker restrictions may be a more effective means of changing behavior. We test this using a school-based commitment savings … which savings are available for cash withdrawal but intended for educational expenses. The weaker commitment generates … increased savings in the program accounts and when combined with a parent outreach program, higher expenditures on educational …

, necessary beyond 2025. As the enacted savings rate target is conservative, individual pensions keep retirement income sufficient …In May 2001, Germany adopted a fundamental pension reform cutting back public pensions and introducing personal pension … moderate economic conditions. However, the new private pension plans provide scope for further downsizing state pensions …

occupational pensions, the two main pillars of the Dutch pension system. Since the summer of 2006, monthly survey data were … collected on the expectations of Dutch households concerning purchasing power of occupational pensions, eligibility and … informed were also more pessimistic. -- subjective probabilities ; old age social security ; occupational pensions …