endogeneity concerns arising in this context, we estimate time-invariant firm-specific wage components and use them as instruments …

expensive older workers into retirement. Based on the seniority wage model developed by Lazear (1979), we discuss steep … seniority wage profiles as incentives for firms to dismiss older workers before retirement. Conditional on individual retirement … incentives, e.g., social security wealth or health status, the steepness of the wage profile will have different incentives for …

This paper evaluates the impact of economic and legal variables on wage differentials between men and women. Since … international data set on the gender wage gap, which is constructed via a meta-analysis of existing studies. The findings show that … both increased competition and the enactment of equal treatment laws reduce the gender wage gap. …

Since the early seventies, hundreds of authors have calculated gender wage differentials between women and men of equal … productivity. This meta-study provides a quantitative review of this vast amount of empirical literature on gender wage … data restrictions have the biggest impact on the resulting gender wage gap. Moreover, we are able to show what effect a …

Two very different approaches are used to explore the relation between market orientation and gender wage differentials … in international data. More market orientation might be related to gender wage gaps via its effects on competition in … calculating internationally consistent gender wage residuals in the first place. By comparing these two very different methods of …