establishments (0-9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40 percent …. For these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment …

education. Accounting for non-employment risk leads to substantial changes in returns while wage risk has little impact. The … to employment has large effects for females. The results suggest that failure to account for risk and selection in to … employment when calculating returns to education leads to biased estimates. …

relations attributes, merged with accounting data. We estimate the elasticity of employment, working hours, wages and labour … positive effect on employment is supported by quite different mechanisms, which depend on unions presence and power in the firm …

did not directly increase employment. To illustrate the relationship between firm-level exporting and employment, we …) in 2013, 2016, and 2020. Our firm-level microanalysis demonstrates that while there is a positive employment response to …

on children's employment. As parents' income increases, education becomes an increasingly dominant factor, except among … intergenerational transmission of employment. …

participation and wages over the life- course for men and women. Those with a higher PGS spend more time in employment and full …-time employment and, when in employment, earn higher hourly wages. The employment associations are more pronounced for women than for … men. Conditional on employment, the PGS wage associations are sizeable, persistent and similar for men and women between …

considerably higher exit rates from exporting to the UK and from the market overall. They also saw greater declines in employment …