states. -- Brain drain ; technology diffusion ; trade ; productivity growth …

larger productivity gains from trade liberalization than previously thought. -- Technology diffusion ; R&D ; openness ; North-South …

induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity …, with large changes in productivity being common. The negative effects of pollution are larger in areas growing more labor …-intensive crops, indicating that the pollution works at least partly through direct effects on labor productivity. Finally, combining …

; productivity ; financial constraint ; export ; technology frontier ; BEEPS …

impacts found come from trained firms competing away sales from other businesses versus through productivity improvements, and … directions and key questions for future studies. -- business training ; consulting ; randomized experiments ; firm productivity …