We estimate the effects of Wal-Mart stores on county-level retail employment and earnings, accounting for endogeneity … employment results indicate that a Wal-Mart store opening reduces county-level retail employment by about 150 workers, implying … retail employment. The payroll results indicate that Wal-Mart store openings lead to declines in county-level retail earnings …

likely to use fiscal zoning to attract retailing. We find that total retail employment is not significantly affected by local … sales tax rates, but employment in big box and anchor stores is higher significantly in jurisdictions with higher sales tax … stores and shopping centers. We also find that the effect of local sales taxes on big box and anchor store retail employment …