hypotheses. First, that most of the recent increase in the dispersion of wages and productivity has occurred across … establishments and these changes are linked. Second, that the increased dispersion in wages and productivity across establishments is …-plant measures of wage and productivity dispersion have increased substantially over the last few decades; and (4) a significant …

Gender wage differentials, conditional on observed productivity characteristics, have been considered a possible … differentials are due to labor market discrimination or to unobserved productivity differences. The objective of this paper is to … indicate that the productivity of women is 6.5% lower than the productivity of men and that about half of the employers are …

downturn and that it is aligned, at the sectoral level, with measures of productivity growth and market openness to competition …