paid tends to lead to even lower effort levels. Based on our findings we suggest a new explanation for motivation crowding …. -- incentives ; crowding-out ; reciprocity ; reputation ; experiment …

field experiment that compares the principal-first and agent-first orderings to each other and a gift-less control …

quickly if we introduce two relevant features of social life into the experiment: (i) subjects can migrate across groups with …

and social norms, and trust. In a preregistered online experiment (n = 1,038), we find that biased institutions reduce …

). Agents differ in their motivation to exert social effort. Our model predicts that lowering incentives for selfish effort in … prediction in a lab experiment allowing us to cleanly separate the selection effect from other effects of low incentives. Results …

altruism, reputational concerns, and material incentives. We present an analysis of a unique data set that combines an … experimental measure of altruism, surveyed measures of other factors including reputational concerns, and call records from … explanations, we find that altruism and reputational concerns are positively associated with the decision to volunteer. Moreover …

, however, with a minority of workers report crowding in of motivation. Thus, the impact of performance pay might depend on the …